On 20th November 2010 we discussed the phonetic transcriptions of some rather common
headwords/suffixes offered in the 2010 Hazon Garzanti Dictionary of English, a
dictionary widely used by both students and teachers of EFL throughout Italy.
Back then we noted that “most of the pronunciations the authors provide for
English are either old-fashioned or not the established ones at the moment”. I
therefore concluded my post by pointing out that
“[...]
using the 2010 Hazon Garzanti Dictionary for checking how words are really
pronounced in English today is NOT a good idea. Italian students of EFL may
risk sounding fairly old-fashioned (especially the younger generation) and are
therefore strongly advised to use LPD 3 or CPD or ODP for checking
pronunciations, and Hazon Garzanti (or indeed any other good
monolingual/bilingual dictionary) for the meanings of words”.
In this
week’s post I’d like to call attention not to the transcriptions contained in
the dictionary but to the phonetic descriptions of vowels and consonants
furnished in its introduction.
On page
XVII we find three tables showing the phonetic symbols used in the dictionary for
the vowels, consonants, and diphthongs of English. These are accompanied by
example words in both Italian and English, and are sometimes followed by a
brief description in Italian of the way the sounds listed should be articulated.
Here are
the vowels (click on the picture to enlarge it):
As you can
see, the sound ɪ is inadequately defined
as “«i» molto breve” (‘a very short i’);
æ is incorrectly described (at least for British English) as a
“suono aperto tra la «a» e la «e»” (‘an open sound between a and e’); ɑː is an “«a» molto allungata” (‘a very
long a’) whereas ʌ is an “«a» molto breve” (‘a very short a’).
Even more
shocking is the suggestion on the part of the authors that the English vowel ɜː is like the vowel sound in the
French word heure, œʁ, which is a front rounded vowel
similar to a lip-rounded ɛ, and that
the schwa is an “«a» quasi muta” (‘a nearly mute a’)!
As far as
the diphthongs are concerned, notice, for instance, that English aʊ is exemplified by the vowel sound in
the Italian word ciao, tʃao: this is a very infelicitous
choice. I suppose it would have been more acceptable if the authors had added a
note specifying that Italians, in extremely “intimate” or colloquial situations,
can pronounce the second part of the diphthong in ciao with excessively rounded lips, thus producing something more
like aʊ. But I admit that this would
probably have been virtually incomprehensible to most readers of the
dictionary.
And what
are we to make of ʊə, likened to
“it. tua – con la «a» quasi muta”?
Finally,
the consonants:
English ɹ is exemplified by the Italian word riva (‘shore, bank’), in which the r is a trill, not a postalveolar
approximant (or retroflex in the case of many types of American English); for
English z, the authors provide the
Italian reso (‘rendered; given back,
returned’), which Italians can pronounce with both z and s; for ŋ, the French term cinq (‘five’), sɛ̃c, is
given, where a word like banca
(‘bank’), ˈbaŋka, for example, would
have been more appropriate. For ʒ,
they provide another French word, George,
when in fact it would have been more suitable if they had suggested a word like
giorno (‘day’) and added the note
“pronounced the Tuscan way”, that is ˈʒoɾno.
And what can we say of θ and ð, described respectively as “«th»
sonoro” (‘voiced th’) and “«th»
sordo” (‘voiceless th’)?
“Garzanti
Linguistica is a leading publisher of dictionaries.
Top-quality
contents, scholarly precision and an innovative approach have made Garzanti
Linguistica one of the most prestigious names in the dictionary field.
The
Garzanti publishing company first became involved in languages in the 1960s
with the publication of its highly-acclaimed large-size dictionaries: the
Italian Dictionary and the Hazon English-Italian Dictionary. These works [...]
brought together the publishing and communication skills of the compilers and
the teaching experience of writers and experts from various fields.
This unique
combination ensured excellent quality levels for the contents, making Garzanti
Linguistica one of the most authoritative points of reference for students,
professional people and anyone simply wanting to improve their knowledge of
languages.
Since those
early days, the number of Garzanti Linguistica dictionaries has greatly
increased, with the addition of other languages (French, German, Spanish) and
other sizes and versions (medium-sized, pocket-sized and elementary) to meet
all user needs.
Continual
changes and developments in the languages have led to the dictionaries being
constantly revised and updated to ensure the ongoing quality of the works, and
to allow them to become true records of living language.”
I’m speechless
with shock!
